桑干河畔，恒山脚下，一座古都，屹立千年。“大同”二字，最形象、贴切地反映了这座古都的特征——汇通、融合。这是这座城市的性格，也是大同市博物馆的特色。大家好！我是大同市博物馆馆长王利民，下面，让我带您走进大同，了解它的融合往事。
瓦当筑平城之基
您现在看到的是一件汉代“平城瓦当”，瓦当中央浮雕“平城”二字，外饰一周凸弦纹和四组云头纹，图案简洁，一砖一瓦间，流露出工匠精神，更承载着家国气度，是一件珍贵的汉平城建筑遗构。平城始建于战国，闻名于汉代。战国时期，大家耳熟能详的“胡服骑射”就发生在这里。汉平城县位于今天的大同市北部操场城一带，城东曾发生过著名的“白登之围”，汉王朝从此走上了“和亲”之路。不仅如此，汉与周边的匈奴、乌桓、鲜卑在很长时间内处于亦战亦和的状态，他们在这片热土上相互碰撞、交融，奏响了大同地区民族融合的先声。
螭首现魏都盛景
在北朝民歌《木兰辞》里，木兰凯旋而归，“归来见天子，天子坐明堂”。现在您看到的这件石雕螭首，就是北魏明堂的建筑构件。根据《魏书》记载，北魏明堂始建于太和十年（486），由尚书李冲主持，采武周山之石修建。此时，文明太后与孝文帝共同主持的班禄制、均田制和三长制改革已经完成，且收到实效，北魏进入了鼎盛时期。作为北魏时期的重要礼制建筑，北魏明堂创造了明堂、辟雍、灵台合一的新形制，集听政布政、施行教化、祭祀先祖、观察天象于一体，是一座由少数民族政权建造的明堂。它的修建，标志着拓跋鲜卑族汉化程度不断加深，也是北魏国力强盛的标志。
鸱吻存西京雄风
历史洪流滚滚向前，矗立在华严寺薄伽教藏殿上的琉璃鸱吻，历经岁月洗礼而光华依旧。这对琉璃鸱吻，高3.3米，体型硕大，色彩斑斓，气魄摄人，是辽代遗物。辽代实行三教并行，尤重佛教，西京大同僧侣云集，佛寺林立，华严寺、应县木塔等保存至今，记录着曾经的繁荣兴盛。西京大同和北宋河东地区接壤，是辽朝和中原进行联系和交往的重要桥头堡，也是宋辽交锋、对峙、贸易的前沿地带。在与宋朝的交流中，契丹王朝积极吸纳中原文化，兼容并蓄，推动了第三次民族大融合的形成。
桑干河水湍流不息，巍巍恒岳昂然挺立。这些建筑遗构，只是大同浩如烟海的文物中的一小部分，它们串联起大同2300多年的建城史和400多年的建都史，演绎出一部民族融合的恢弘史诗。百川汇流的脚步不曾停歇，民族融合的篇章仍在续写，欢迎您走进大同市博物馆，感受民族融合的风云变幻，感受“美美与共，天下大同”的融合魅力。
By the Sang-kan River,an ancient capital has settled for thousands of years.“Da Tong” these two characters vividly and clearly explain the features of the ancient city: accessibility and fusion.This is the personality of this city and also the unique characteristics of Datong Museum.
Hello, everyone!
I am the curator of Datong Museum, Wang Limin.Next, I will take you to Datong and learn its past stories about the fusion of ethnic minorities.
Eaves Tile，the Foundation of Pingcheng
What you are looking at is the Pingcheng eaves tile from Han Dynasty.The central relief of two characters “Pingcheng” on the eaves tile,where its outer surrounding ，is formed by the convex string pattern and four sets of cloud patterns, is a simple
design.Each brick and tile present the workmanship spirit and also carry the generous gesture of our home country.This is the invaluable architectural relics of Pingcheng from Han Dynasty. Pingcheng was initially constructed in the Warring States
Period and became notable in Han Dynasty. During the Warring States Period,the history people are familiar with,“horse riding and archery in Hu costume”took place right here. Pingcheng County from Han Dynasty is located in today’s north Datong
near Caochang City.The well-known siege on Mount Baideng took place right in the east of the City.Han Dynasty has started their making peace with rulers of minority nationalities by marriage.Moreover, Han and Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei at the
border area are in a state of either war or peace.
In this popular place, their minds meet and merge, which was the prelude of national fusion in Datong area.
Dragon’s Head, the Recurrence of Prosperous Wei Capital
In the folk song， The Ballad of Mulan from the Northern Dynasties，Mulan returned in triumph.“Coming back and see the Emperor,Emperor sitting in Mingtang”.What you are looking at is the stone sculpture of dragon’s head.This is the partial architectural relic of Mingtang in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to Book of Wei ,it says that Mingtang from the Northern Wei Dynasty was built in the 10th year of Taihe period. Directed by the Minister, Li Chong,the stones from Mount Wuzhou
were quarried for construction.At the same time,the mother Wenming of the Emperor and Xiaowen Emperor presided over implementing reformations including apportion land according to population, setting three leaders,paying salary,which received
great outcomes.The Northern Wei Dynasty entered the golden age.As the most crucial ceremonious architecture in the Northern Wei Dynasty,the Northern Wei Mingtang has created a new system unifying Mingtang, Piyong and Lingtai.It is a collective
of hearings and implementing policies, educational enlightenment, ancestor worship and observation on astronomical phenomena This is the Mingtang constructed by ethnic minorities. Its construction is the sign of deepening sinicization continuously
among Tuoba Xianbei people.It symbolized the prosperity of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Dragon Ornament, the Recurrence of the Magnificent Western Capital
The river of history is rolling forward.The colored glaze dragon ornaments built on the roof of the Bhagavad Sutra Hall in Huayan Temple are well-maintained after the vicissitudes. This pair of colored glaze dragon ornaments is 3.3 meter high, large
in size,colorful and magnificent. They are the relics from Liao Dynasty. Liao Dynasty carried out three religions in parallel, prioritized Buddhism.The Western Capital, Datong gathered numerous monks and temples.Huayan Temple, Pagoda of Fogong
Temple have still remained till now.They are the records of previous prosperity. The Western Capital Datong neighbors the River East region from the Northern Song Dynasty.It is the significant gateway for Liao Dynasty and Central Plains to
communicate and connect.It is the frontal zone where Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty were in crossfire,armed confrontation and trades.During the communication with Song Dynasty,Qidan Dynasty actively learned from the culture of Central Plains and
presented an eclectic manner.It facilitated the formation of third ethnic fusion.
Sang-kan River never stops running.Towering mountains are standing proudly.These architectural relics are the small parts of the numerous cultural relics in Datong. They have formed over 2300 years of the founding history of Datong City
and over 400 years of founding history of the capital，presenting a magnificent epic about ethnic fusion. All rivers never stops running into the sea.The chapter of ethnic fusion continues.You are welcomed to Datong Museum. Experience the ups and downs of ethnic fusion;Enjoy the charm of fusion, “different beauties coexist, the world in great harmony(Datong)”.
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